How ChatGPT Influences Academic Publishing

 

We have been discussing algorithms, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. The issue in the news that is taking up a lot of attention is ChatGPT. We have written about it before, but the question of its influence on academic journal publishing is useful to consider. On this episode, Dr. Lilian Hill explains how ChatGPT influences academic publishing. Listen to the episode and join in the online forum.

 

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 Information Literacy Episode 13 Transcript

References

Flanagin, A., Bibbins-Domingo, K., Berkwits, M, & Christiansen, S.L. Nonhuman “Authors” and Implications for the Integrity of Scientific Publication and Medical Knowledge. JAMA. 2023;329(8):637–639. doi:10.1001/jama.2023.1344

 

Getahun, J. (2023, January 16). ChatGPT could be used for good, but like many other AI models, it's rife with racist and discriminatory bias. Insider. Retrieved https://www.insider.com/chatgpt-is-like-many-other-ai-models-rife-with-bias-2023-1

 

Open AI (2023). ChatGPT (April 10 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

 

Stokel-Walker, C. (2023). ChatGPT listed as author on research papers: many scientists disapprove. Nature, 613(7945), 620–621. https://doi-org.lynx.lib.usm.edu/10.1038/d41586-023-00107-z

 

Teixeira da Silva, J. A. (2023). Is ChatGPT a valid author? Nurse Education in Practice, 68, 103600. https://doi-org.lynx.lib.usm.edu/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103600

Effective Ways to Employ ChatGPT in Instruction

It has been a concern for instructors that ChatGPT increases student cheating, but cheating is not new. While much discussion has been devoted to methods of detecting and preventing students from using ChatGPT to write papers, a more constructive view might be to look for ways that ChatGPT can be used to augment instruction and improve student learning. On this episode, Dr. Lilian Hill explains the effective ways to employ ChatGPT in instruction.  

 

You may be interested in reading this article on Learning with ChatGPT published by the American Association of University Professors.

 

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Information Literacy Episode 12 Transcript

References

Cliff’s Notes. https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides.

Ferlazzo, L. (2023, January 18). 19 Ways to Use ChatGPT in Your Classroom. Education Week. Retrieved https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/opinion-19-ways-to-use-chatgpt-in-your-classroom/2023/01

Lamott, A. (1994). Bird by bird: Some instructions on writing and life. Anchor Books.

Thorp, H. H. (2023, January 26), ChatGPT is fun, but not an author. Science, 379(6630), 313. DOI: 10.1126/science.adg7879

Vogelsinger, B. (2023, January 3). ChatGPT: Teachers Weigh In on How to Manage the New AI Chatbot. Education Week. Retrieved https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/opinion-chatgpt-teachers-weigh-in-on-how-to-manage-the-new-ai-chatbot/2023/01

Experimenting with ChatGPT

 

ChatGPT has become a common talk among educators lately. It has raised concerns, but also shown it has value. On this episode, Dr. Lilian Hill explains what ChatGPT is and what can be done with it by sharing her own experiences with ChatGPT. She also assesses ChatGPT capabilities and drawbacks. Listen to the episode and join in the online forum.

You may be interested in reading this article on Critical Information Literacy for Collective Action, published by the American Association of University Professors.

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Information Literacy Episode 11 Transcript

References

Hanlon, R. (2023, March 15). What does "ChatGPT" Stand For? Everything To know about the AI that’s growing at a faster pace than TikTok and Instagram. Parade. Retrieved https://parade.com/living/what-is-chatgpt#:~:text=Assisted%20Editorial%20Tools-,What%20Does%20the%20Name%20'ChatGPT'%20Mean%3F,or%20phrases%20in%20each%20input

Wingard, J. (2023, January 10). ChatGPT: A threat to higher education? Forbes. Retrieved https://www.forbes.com/sites/jasonwingard/2023/01/10/chatgpt-a-threat-to-higher-education/?sh=78f3e0151e76

Artificial Intelligence and Challenges to Professional Identity

 

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been dominating the news lately as it pertains to literature, artwork, and learning. With its advancements and concerns to the educational community, it is important we address it through what has appeared in the news. On this episode, Dr. Lilian Hill analyzes four AI headlines and how they relate to adult education. Listen to the episode and join in the online forum.

 

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Information Literacy Episode 10 Transcript

 

References

Acovino, V., Kelly, M. L., & Abdullah, H. (2023, February 24). A sci-fi magazine has cut off submissions after a flood of AI-generated stories. NPR. Retrieved https://www.npr.org/2023/02/24/1159286436/ai-chatbot-chatgpt-magazine-clarkesworld-artificial-intelligence

Cumberland, D. M. (2013). Perspectives in HRD: What to wear to a severance party. Human Resource Development International, 25(3), 118-124

Evans, P. (2019). Making an HRD domain: Identity work in an online professional community. Human Resource Development International, 22(2), 116–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2018.1564514

Herrara, L. C., & Iglesia, F. (2023, February 20). Voice actors are training the AI that will replace them: AI dubbing companies promise Morgan Freeman with a perfect Latino Spanish accent. Rest of World. Retrieved from https://restofworld.org/2023/ai-voice-acting/

Kaulio, M. (2021). The Role of Professional Identity in Digital Transformation: The Case of Heavy Equipment Operators in the Swedish Earth-Moving Industry. Master of Science Thesis TRITA-ITM-EX 2021:182. KTH Royal Institute of Technology.

Knight, W. (2022, August 19). Algorithms Can Now Mimic Any Artist. Some Artists Hate It: A new generation of AI image tools can reproduce an artist’s signature style. Some creatives fear for their livelihoods. Wired Magazine. Retrieved https://www.wired.com/story/artists-rage-against-machines-that-mimic-their-work/

Nolan, B. (2023, January 15). This man used AI to write and illustrate a children's book in one weekend. He wasn't prepared for the backlash. Insider. Retrieved https://www.businessinsider.com/chatgpt-midjourney-ai-write-illustrate-childrens-book-one-weekend-alice-2023-1

Plummer, G., & Schmidt, A. (2007). Possible selves and career transition: It’s who you want to be, not what you want to do. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 114, 61-74.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Reading Online

 

Are print books becoming obsolete? On this episode, Dr. Lilian Hill presents a comparison of the positives and negatives of reading online. You may be surprised that the positives outweigh the negatives. Listen to the episode and join in the online forum.

Advantages

Disadvantages

Convenience and Ease of Use Internet searching is efficient and provides instant access to a plethora of information. Portability—online reading is accessible anywhere with adequate internet access; the person can read wherever they are. There is no need to travel to a library or bookstores. Instead, online reading is accessible wherever internet access is available. Online reading is available on multiple devices and 24/7. One device can hold a multitude of sources. No physical storage space needed for print books; no need to carry around heavy textbooks. E-reading is environmentally friendly because there is no need to cut down trees to make paper. Can be more affordable. Augmented Reading Experience May increase the amount a person reads. Readings are multi-modal with integration of hyperlinks; hyperlinked information may reinforce understanding and retention. Augmented reading experience can be more stimulating due to access to embedded illustrations, videos, animations, audio, podcasts, and links to other sources. Reading experience may be more meaningful and productive. Supports cross-referencing different sources to verify sources. Information is easily updated. Supports Learning Interactive experience makes for more meaningful textbook experience. Online sources are easily searchable. E-readings can be easily annotated with built-in tools. Reader has instant access to dictionary and thesaurus functions. Audible pronunciation guides are available for unfamiliar words. Reading online supports scanning for specific information; this may increase a person’s reading speed. Reading online connects with many readers natural reading habits; it may feel more authentic and real world. “The use of hypertexts can increase the literacy participation of students by making reading authentic, and ensuring literacy skills they acquire are more meaningful and productive” (Jose, 2021, p. 896). Reading online supports collaboration because text can be shared with multiple people at the same time. Many colleges, universities, and employers are moving to e-reading, so it is important for students to develop online reading skills. Universal Design Reading experience is customizable with ability to change font size, color, and brightness. Students with disabilities can customize the view to suit their needs, and use software that provides text to speech, or read aloud, functions.

Changes in Reading Behaviors Getting used to reading online is an adjustment. Reading behavior may be fragmented. Reduced concentration and patience. Increased need to be discerning of quality of information. Less information retention. May lead to a shorter attention span and shifting focus. Reader who scans for specific information may overlook important words, phrases, or concepts. Some people prefer the feel and smell of print books. They may read online for information and read print books for pleasure. Reduction of deep reading skills including “connecting background knowledge to new information, making analogies, drawing inferences, examining truth value, passing over into the perspectives of others (expanding empathy and knowledge), and integrating everything into critical analysis” (Wolf, 2020, para. 5).   Reduced discipline in reading. Illegally downloaded material deprives content authors of credit and earnings. Technology Downsides Reading experience may not be as enjoyable. Distraction of pop-up ads with embedded videos or animations. Requires internet access and electricity. Devices need backup and frequent updating and/or replacement. Internet access may be limited for some people and locations. Reading extensively online can be hard on vision. Digital devices are prone to interruptions and cyber crime. Some electronic sources are still formatted like print books that require readers to scroll up and down.

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Information Literacy Episode 9 Transcript

References

Halifax Public Library. (2020, April 20). 7 Benefits of E-Reading. Retrieved https://www.halifaxpubliclibraries.ca/blogs/post/7-benefits-of e-reading

Harman, M. (2022). Top 10 advantages of ebooks over printed books. Retrieved https://kitaboo.com/top-10-advantages-of-ebooks-over-printed-books/

Hooper, V., & Herath, C. (2014). Is Google making us stupid? The impact of the internet on reading behaviour. BLED 2014 Proceedings. Retrieved http://aisel.aisnet.org/bled2014/1/1

Jose, K. (2021). “Google and me together can read anything.” Online reading strategies to develop hypertext comprehension in ESL readers. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(2), 896-914; 2021

Manuel, J. (2020, May 22). Advantages and disadvantages of reading via e-book. Retrieved https://www.noypigeeks.com/featured/advantages-disadvantages-ebook/

Wolf, M. (2020, August 24). Screen-based online learning will change kids' brains. Are we ready for that? The Guardian. Retrieved https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/aug/24/deep-literacy-technology-child-development-reading-skills

Educating Citizens about Algorithms: A New Charge for Adult Educators

 

The field of adult education has historic connections to education for citizenship and for building democracy. This kind of education introduced people wishing to achieve citizenship to information that includes literacy in the language of that country, as well as its organization, ways of work and production, and cultural heritage. On this episode, Dr. Lilian Hill explores how to educate citizens about algorithms. Listen to the episode and join in the online forum.

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Information Literacy Episode 8 Transcript

 

References

Carugati, F. (2020, June 12). A Council of Citizens Should Regulate Algorithms. Retrieved https://www.wired.com/story/opinion-a-council-of-citizens-should-regulate-algorithms/

Guo, Elaine (2022, December 19). A Roomba recorded a woman on the toilet. How did screenshots end up on Facebook? MIT Technology Review. Retrieved from https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/12/19/1065306/roomba-irobot-robot-vacuums-artificial-intelligence-training-data-privacy/

IBM (n.d.) AI Ethics. Retrieved https://www.ibm.com/topics/ai-ethics

Moses, L. B. (2023, January 29). Should we worry about AI and algorithms in government? Retrieved https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6FDBDGNYFc

Rainie, L., & Anderson, J. (2017, February 8). Code-Dependent: Pros and Cons of the Algorithm Age. Retrieved https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2017/02/08/code-dependent-pros-and-cons-of-the-algorithm-age/

Robinson, P., Williams, D., & Stojanović, M. (2022). Global citizenship and adult education: Advancing critical literacies for equity and social justice. Routledge.

UNESCO (2022). Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. UNESCO Digital Library. Retrieved https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137

Efforts to Regulate Algorithms

 

We have discussed the dangers embedded in algorithms in previous episodes. Therefore, there is a need for oversight and regulation. On this episode, Dr. Lilian Hill talks about the efforts to regulate algorithms, provides a historical perspective, and explains what is being done in the U.S. and other countries.

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Information Literacy Episode 7 Transcript

 

References

Ferguson, C., P’ng, J., & Whiteside, H. (2022, October 18). The Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in Canada and Abroad: Comparing the Proposed AIDA and EU AI Act. Fasken. Retrieved https://www.fasken.com/en/knowledge/2022/10/18-the-regulation-of-artificial-intelligence-in-canada-and-abroad

Government of Canada. Algorithmic Impact Assessment tool. Department of Treasury. Retrieved https://www.canada.ca/en/government/system/digital-government/digital-government-innovations/responsible-use-ai/algorithmic-impact-assessment.html

Newton, C. (2020, December 29). Everything you need to know about Section 230: The most important law for online speech, The Verge. Retrieved https://www.theverge.com/21273768/section-230-explained-internet-speech-law-definition-guide-free-moderation 

White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (n.d.). Blueprint for an AI Bill Of rights: Making Automated Systems Work for the American People. Retrieved https://www.whitehouse.gov/ostp/ai-bill-of-rights/#safe

 

 

 

Women and Algorithms: How Gender Bias Affects Our Lives

 

Gender bias pervades many aspects of our daily experiences, and even our thinking, it is no surprise that it also exists in algorithms. Algorithms affects our lives. On this episode, Dr. Lilian Hill talks about how gender bias influences algorithmic outcomes.

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Information Literacy Episode 6 Transcript

 

References

Gartner Says Nearly Half of CIOs are Planning to Deploy Artificial Intelligence. https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2018-02-13-gartner-says-nearly-half-of-cios-are-planning-to-deploy-artificial-intelligence

Gender Discrimination in the Algorithmic Field: A Look at The Algorithms in The Oasi Register (2022, March 14). ETICAS Foundation. Retrieved https://Eticasfoundation.Org/Gender-discrimination-in-the-algorithmic-field-a-look-at-the-algorithms-in-the-oasi-register/

Niethammer, C. (2020, March 2), AI Bias could put women’s lives at risk—A challenge for regulators. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/carmenniethammer/2020/03/02/ai-bias-could-put-womens-lives-at-riska-challenge-for-regulators/?sh=fcd5ac534f27

Perez, C. C. (2019). Invisible women: Data bias in a world designed for men. Abrams Press.

Smith, G., & Rustagi, I. (2021, March 21). When Good Algorithms Go Sexist: Why and How to Advance AI Gender Equity. Stanford Social Innovation Review. Retrieved https://ssir.org/articles/entry/when_good_algorithms_go_sexist_why_and_how_to_advance_ai_gender_equity